JarnJ3,
Otherwise a good theory, but Stephen Foster's 1860 lyrics to "Old Black Joe" don't refer to coffee at all. Why would a song lamenting people you'll never meet again, turn into the origin of a term for coffee?
In addition to the "Old Black Joe" theory, there are a lot of other theories out there, with three that seem to lead the pack.
One is that "cuppa Joe" got its name from being the drink of choice of "the regular Joe". As a theory, though, that doesn't seem to make sense. If you're going to associate regular guys with a drink, it's beer that comes to mind, not coffee. Joe Sixpack, yes; Joe the coffee drinker, no.
Another is that "Joe" comes from Java, which was a popular nickname in the U.S. for coffee back in the late 1800s, when Java was a major source of the stuff. That makes some sense.
The theory that seems to be most popular lays the blame on the Navy. According to the BBC site (
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A1300410), "In 1914, the secretary of the US Navy, Admiral Josephus 'Joe' Daniels abolished the officers' wine mess. From that time on the strongest (and apparently therefore the drink of choice) on board navy ships was coffee. It was dubbed 'a cup of Joe' after the secretary."
Other sites say it ain't so, arguing that stopping the officers from drinking alcohol on board wouldn't have that much an impact on the ordinary sailors. They also say that the phrase "a cup of Joe" predates the Admiral's order, but they don't give any evidence.
I'd put my money on the Navy story. The Navy is strong on tradition, and the amount of coffee served on board Navy ships around the world would probably float a battleship or two. Besides, the Navy's own Reserve Officers Manual in 1931 says the phrase "cup of Joe" derives from the Admiral's ban on alcohol on board. And if you can't believe the U.S. Navy, who can you believe?
