I can't help with the transportation part but my tips would be this:
Try to be there before opening......you can get so much done in the first few hours the park is open. It's a great time to hit Fantasyland...this "land" is busy all day & night.....so getting there at opening will allow you to ride a few of those rides before the crowds make the waiting time too long.
Also gather FP's early.....we like to gather them early in the day & save them for late afternoon & evenings when the parks are at their busiest.
Things to see:
Take a look above the fire station on Main Street to see the gas lamp in the window. This used to be Walt's apartment & they keep it lit in his honor.
Adventureland.......ride the Indiana Jones ride.....the theming & queing area is just fabulous.
New Orleans Square......ride Pirates of the Caribbean & then walk around the area & check out the little shops & maybe catch some entertainment.
Frontierland....if you have time for a show....catch the Billy Hill & the Hillbillies at the Golden Horseshoe. You can get your lunch in there & watch a very funny & entertaining show.
I don't know if you plan on park hopping & also going to California Adventure.......but if you do.....don't miss Soarin' Over California!
The Animation Building is also a wonderful thing to check out.
If you plan on being there into the evening hours......the new World of Color show is a must! You will need a FP for this show. You can either get a FP at opening from the FP machine up by Grizzly River Run or you can pre-order a picnic meal from the disneyland.com website or you can plan on a nice dinner at either Ariel's Grotto or Wine Country Trattoria.
I'm not sure you'd have time, just doing one day....but the Aladdin musical is broadway caliber & something we love doing each trip.
These are just a few ideas & some of our favorites.....hopefully others will reply & give you some more ideas.
Hope you have a *+*+*Magical*+*+* time!!