Here in NJ you have to be 17 to get a provisional license (you can get a permit at 16) and 18 to get a basic license. I can't imagine living in a state where the age is younger. In this case, legally she was allowed to have 1 person that was not a household member in the car with her. She blew that one.
In NC you can get a permit at 15 after having taken a driver's ed course. Most students get it later because the school's driver's ed classes are backed up and people don't realize that private driver's ed is available (but not cheaply). I'd guess most teens get their permit at 16 1/2 -16 3/4. While driving with a permit, the teen must be accompanied by a licensed driver over 21, and they're limited on the non-family members who can be in the car. So they can drive the family to church (with dad in the front seat), but they cannot drive a vanload of friends home from a party even if mom is present, and a 15 year old cannot drive with her 18-year old brother supervising.
They have to keep the permit for a full year before they can get a solo-driving license. More and more of my students are keeping their permits all the way to 18 because their parents don't have to pay insurance 'til they're fully licensed.
For the first six months with a real license, the student can only drive from 6:00 am - 9:00 pm. and can only transport
one non family-member.
Penalties for wrong-doing behind the wheel are substantially higher than those for an older person.
The graduated concept is sound. Good parents have always eased their children into driving bit by bit -- you know, giving them restrictions 'til they were experienced enough to manage more difficult driving situations. Forbidding nighttime driving, bad weather driving, driving in crowded conditions 'til they'd mastered easier driving. To give an example, when she'd had her license for only two weeks, my daughter
informed me that she was going to drive an hour to a festival in a nearby city. Never mind that she had never been there, that the downtown area is filled with narrow one-way roads, and both heavy traffic and drinking are common at this festival. She was SO MAD when we said no, but
she wasn't ready for that driving experience yet. Today, at 18, I'd let her go with just "Be careful, you'll find cheap parking on 7th street". These laws are about the state trying to force parents to do what's right. It's sad that it's necessary, and it's sad that not everyone helps his or her child master the basics before turning the new driver loose.
As for not getting a license 'til 17, there's another side to that coin:
It's not
common, but some students go away to college at 17 -- loads have only been 18 for a few months when they go to college. That means they don't have time for much solo driving (with their parents still exerting some control) before they go out on their own. My daughter's only going two hours away, but I'm very glad she will've had two solid years of driving before she starts maneuvering the interstates alone and before she is entirely responsible for her own driving. I have a friend whose daughter will go away to college in the fall, and the girl still isn't driving -- she's afraid to drive. My friend is worried about how this is going to work out. Right now she doesn't mind driving her the four hours to/from school, but there will come a time when she
needs a car for an internship or whatever, but when's she going to learn? She has just the summer to practice, but that isn't much time to build up confidence. Eventually she's going to have to send an inexperienced driver out on a four-hour trek alone; this wouldn't be so scary if she had a slew of 30-minute trips and then a rash of one-hour trips under her belt. Also, she's going to a big city known for awful traffic. She's going to be a lamb to the slaughter. Knowing her mom, she'll probably
follow her to school the first couple times she drives alone.
I personally think 16 is a good age for driving -- for the average teen -- but I think all too many parents turn a blind eye to their children's real driving behavior. 16 year olds still need significant supervision behind the wheel.