Heres what I remember... Rope drop is what they do first thing in the morning to open each park (or section of MK).
Fast Pass is away to try to avoid huge lines. If a ride you want to go on has a fast pass kiosk near it (I think the screen will offer the attraction(s) available at that FP kiosk. You use each persons ticket that you want a pass for. You choose using the touch screen a different time to come back to the ride, and at that time, you use the fast pass line, usually waiting much less time.
This is what I remember. Ive been countless times, but it has been 5 years since my last trip to WDW. Read some good guide books, and keep your eyes on this site. these peeps are experts, no kidding
