I had a similar situation LONG ago (before online or paperless billing) and what I learned at that time is that by 1) signing up for the credit card and 2) signing for the purchase, you have agreed to the debt and payment terms regardless of whether a statement is physically received/read. The billing statement is the creditor's "reminder" of the debt, but not a requirement and the purchaser owes regardless of physically receiving/reading a statement or not. So while yours is an understandable situation, especially some credit card bills may not be due until sometimes as much as 6 weeks after the purchase, but still an error on your part and why the credit report wasn't "corrected." It would have been nice if they adjusted it, but it wasn't technically incorrect.
Such was my lesson long ago -- long before online/paperless billing existed. This was long before people tracked credit reports closely, so I don't know exactly how that was impacted. However, since that time and because of that situation, I have occasionally called creditors when I thought I should have a bill due but no statement.