John Denver crash report points to fuel problems
Web posted on: Tuesday, June 23, 1998 12:55:57 PM
MONTEREY, California (CNN) -- The plane crash that killed singer-songwriter John Denver could have been caused by several factors related to the amount of fuel in the plane when it went down in the Pacific Ocean during a practice flight off the California coast, according to a report by the National Transportation Safety Board released Monday.
While drawing no firm conclusions, the NTSB report stated that Denver's homemade Long E-Z plane was almost certainly low on fuel when -- according to witnesses -- it sputtered, nosedived and crashed 150 yards from shore. The report also said that the plane's fuel selector handle -- which switches the fuel flow to a backup tank -- was in a hard-to-reach location, making it difficult for the pilot to reach it and make a switch if the primary tank ran dry.
Denver, known for such popular 1970s hits as "Rocky Mountain High," "Take Me Home, Country Roads," and "Sunshine On My Shoulders," died in the October 12 crash. A five-member NTSB board will study the report to determine a probable cause for the accident.
Low on fuel
The report says fueling records show that the plane was most likely low on fuel when Denver took off from the Monterey Peninsula Airport in the late afternoon to practice takeoffs and landings.
Denver bought the plane the day before the crash. After he bought the plane, but prior to the crash, the plane had been flown 100 miles from Santa Maria to Monterey, and then flown on the day of the crash. Investigators said that activity would have used 12 to 17 gallons of gas, but the last known quantity on board was 15 gallons before the test flight. There was no record of Denver refueling the plane.
Furthermore, it would have been difficult for Denver to tell if he was out of gas because the fuel gauges in the Long E-Z are visible only from the seat behind the pilot's. A mechanic at the Monterey airport did give Denver a mirror so he could try to see the gauges from the pilot's seat. The mirror was recovered in the wreckage.
Flaw in design?
But even if Denver had known that his fuel levels were running low in one tank, it would have been awkward for him to switch to the other tank. Plans for the Long E-Z call for the fuel selector handle to be located between the pilot's legs. But in this case, the plane's builder, Adrian Davis Jr., had installed the tank switch behind the pilot's left shoulder because, he said, he did not want fuel in the cockpit.
As constructed, Denver, an experienced pilot, would have had to remove his safety belts, take his right hand off the control stick and turn in his seat in order to switch from one fuel tank to another. That maneuver, as tested by NTSB officials, takes six to eight seconds.
"Two pilots shared experiences of having inadvertently run a fuel tank dry with near catastrophic consequences because of the selector and (fuel) gauge locations," the report said.
No medical certificate
On the day of the crash, Denver and a maintenance technician talked about the inaccessibility of the handle. They tried to install a pair of vice grips to make the handle longer and easier to reach, but the effort failed.
The report also confirmed that Denver lacked an aviation medical certificate -- a requirement for a valid pilot's license -- at the time of the crash.
The Federal Aviation Administration had disqualified Denver for the certificate in March 1997, after learning that he had violated a previous FAA order to abstain from drinking. An autopsy showed no signs of alcohol or drugs at the time of the crash.