Well the fastest route would be taking a taxi or by reserving a town car service, which both cost money. As for how long it takes I am assuming it could be about 40 - 50 minutes, plus you need to figure waiting for your checked bags.
However you could also make reservations to go on Disney Magical Express and from what I have read on various threads it could take around 70 minutes from the time you step off the plane, until you arrive at your WDW Resort. That's assuming you will have Magical Express deliver your checked bags, because you don't need to pick them up. So once you step off the plane go right to the Magical Express check-in counter and then you will wait for the bus to your resort. Finally all of the resorts share the Magical Express routes for the specific areas they are located at, so there is no order of where the bus will stop first because it's never set in stone.