if it's for a mortgage, it means that you state your income and assets w/o providing back-up documentation.
if you do a loan like this, you will pay a higher rate than a full-doc loan. if you wouldn't qualify for the loan amount, people will do stated loans and get a bigger loan. problem is that a lot of people don't realize that if you state your income, and it's higher than your actual income, you might have trouble paying that stated loan.