The decrease at our international operations was primarily due to lower attendance and occupied room nights at Hong Kong
Disneyland Resort, higher operating costs at Disneyland Paris and higher pre-opening expenses at Shanghai Disney Resort. These decreases were partially offset by increased guest spending and volumes at Disneyland Paris. Guest spending growth at Disneyland Paris was due to increased food, beverage and merchandise spending as well as higher average hotel room rates and ticket prices. Increased volumes at Disneyland Paris were due to higher attendance and occupied room nights.