Rupp is widely regarded as a racial segregationist, or at the very least unwilling to recruit black players. However, this reputation is not clearly supported by all available evidence, and the subject remains controversial to this day.
Most of Rupp's coaching career was in the era of institutionalized segregation in the American South. Rupp was among the first coaches in the two major southern conferences, the SEC and ACC, to recruit African-American players. Other colleges in other parts of the country had been using black players before the 1960s (e.g., Oscar Robertson at the University of Cincinnati, Wilt Chamberlain at the University of Kansas and Bill Russell at the University of San Francisco); however, other southern schools not only did not have black players, but would refuse to play against schools that had a single black player on the roster. Rupp scheduled games against integrated teams since the 1950s, and he tried to recruit African-American players (one of whom was Wes Unseld, who instead would play at the University of Louisville) as early as 1964. Rupp twice, before the infamous 1966 tournament, formally petitioned the SEC to allow black players to play in the conference. Both times, UK cast the only votes in favor of integration.[1]
The Final Four in 1966 also included another all-white team, Duke University. The loss of the all-white Wildcats team in the 1966 NCAA finals to Texas Western College (now the University of Texas at El Paso) under Don Haskins, who started five black players, was long after the fact held out as a sign of change in the game.
Sports Illustrated writer Frank Deford, who was in the Wildcats locker room during half-time of the championship game against Texas Western, reported that Rupp called the Texas Western team "coons".