Not to veer too far off the Marathon Weekend theme on negative splits - but what the heck, it's still three months away! - what I don't understand is the advantage to conserving enough energy to do negative splits vs. running at a consistently faster pace throughout, albeit not that much faster. Don't you end up at the same place? Do elite runners run negative splits because the competition at the end demands it? I'd be worried that by doing negative splits that I would leave some energy on the course in the beginning in order to run faster at the end.
Yes, as someone mentioned above, the elite runners are in a competition with other runners, not in competition with the clock (unless they are going for a record). Therefore, they have a totally different running strategy than you or me. They are playing mind games with each other the whole way. They typically just run a fairly constant, moderate pace (moderate for them) during the first half of the marathon. In fact, they usually have rabbits which are other elite runners that will pace them in the early miles, but are not competing themselves. After this first half, then the fun begins, and they will often speed up for a mile or two to see who is still feeling good. Such that, by the last six miles, only the runners that are having a good day are left. Then, the few that are still holding back, they increase their speed to start dropping each other.
All that being said, I don't think us normal runners can learn much from the elites when it comes to marathon day strategy. For us, I think the most important thing is to know your own body based on past performance. Some folks do better reserving energy, others at a consistent pace, and still others fully knowing that their bodies will slow down regardless of their pace for the first 20 miles.
For me, I find that I do better overall time wise with the following strategy:
1. For 5k's and 10k's, I conserve energy in the early miles, such that I have slightly negative splits
2. For half marathons, I use a consistent pace throughout
3. For marathons, I always slow down at the end, so I go out at the fastest comfortable pace based on my training that I know will at least get me to the 20 mile mark without slowing down