It sounds almost exactly how mine felt. It was horrible...almost like a toothache pain, if that makes any sense....for about a week. I think it was almost 2 weeks before I could even wear tennis shoes.
In case it does come off, this may make you feel a little better. I have a friend who is an avid runner and for some reason her toenails starting coming off......I forget what the problem was but she saw a podiatrist. Anyway, she has artificial toenails put on at the nail salon. I think they use tips and acrylic just like finger nails! So don't stress....you can still have pretty feet at your wedding!
Hope you feel better soon. Watch out for infection. My husband said that they would drill a whole in my nail to alleviate the pressure if it got infected....I'm not for sure if he was just messing with me or not

but I made extra sure to keep it nice and clean