Depending on the airline, it's usually 4-6 hours prior to scheduled departure, but you really need to call the airline about this because it's not as simple as you may think.
Depending on the size of your party (i.e., if there are more than 2 people), you will probably exceed the baggage limitations if only one person checks in (you have to check in to leave your bags). You will not likely be able to check in on behalf of other adults in your party (in order to increase your baggage limitation) due to security requirements.
While this may seem like an easy way to get around your issue, I think it's more involved than you realize.
Also, it's not the best idea to have your bags sitting at their destination for many hours before you arrive to claim them. The longer your bags sit around at any airport, the greater the chances of them being mislaid. And while some airlines say bags must be on same flight as passenger (although this is not an FAA regulation for domestic flights), the fact of the matter is they do sometimes put your bags on the first flight to your destination, regardless if you are booked on a later flight.