Usually in a Chapter 7 you dump all your debts (other than past due tax and student loans) and walk away at zero. You can only go Chapter 7 if you do not make enough income for debt repayment. If you make enough you have to go Chapter 13, which is a five year debt repayment plan. Reaffirmation of debt means you are keeping an asset that you own and are going to continue making payments on, usually a house or car. (rules apply to what can be kept, car payments have to be reasonable and you cannot have loads of equity in a home that could be used to pay off debt, things like that)