I don't know of a comprehensive guide, but I'll help since I love this topic!
Jungle Cruise: DLR version does not have the tunnel through the temple.
Pirates of the Caribbean: DLR version is vastly superior and much longer containing scenes that are not at WDW at all. It does tend to back up at unload because the boats are brought up to the original level before you get out. There are two drops. Only the facade is better at WDW.
Haunted Mansion: DLR version is slightly shorter, but not much. The hallway to board is much longer, and the scene with the busts that follow you is actually there. They now have Hatbox Ghost, who is amazing and that helps even it up with the WDW version. The facade is better at WDW.
Splash Mountain: It's similar but not exactly. The logs have single-file seating and the drop is definitely smaller. It seem slike you get wetter on the DLR one.
Big Thunder Mountain Railroad: The DLR version loads on an outside platofrm. The ride is the same except for the new effects added to the final climb. They are very cool, so DLR wins this round (though the loading/queue area is much better at WDW).
Sleeping Beauty Castle/Cinderella Castle: Despite being much smaller, the DLR castle actually has an attraction in it. It's a walk-through with storybook scenes from Sleeping Beauty. It's actually rather cool and easy to miss.
Peter Pan's Flight: It's a little shorter at DLR but not by a lot. Some of the scenes are arranged differently. It loads even slower because it stops to load. It has the basic, old-style queue.
Dumbo: This is the old-school version, not the double-Dumbo of WDW.
Mad Tea Party: The DLR one is not under a canopy.
it's a small world: DLR version had a much cooler facade and loads outdoors. The ride is about the same length but they have incorporated Disney characters into some scenes. I like it!
Autopia/Tomorrowland Speedway: Autopia (DLR) is much longer and has a nicer queue, but otherwise the ride is the same.
Space Mountain: This is controversial. THe DLR version is smaller, but it arguably a better roller-coaster. It is also much smoother. You sit side-by- side in rows of 2 instead of the single file (you can see WDW's Space Mountain ride system in action at the Matterhorn!). I don't think the theming is as strong, though the on-ride soundtrack is a nice bonus. Most people like DLR's better
Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters/Space Ranger Spin: The DLR version had guns that you can actually hold making aiming easier. Otherwise they are very similar.
That about covers most things with any differences. You will see where some rides are similar and yet completely different. Like Radiator Springs Racers uses the same ride system as Test Track, but the similarities end there. Indiana Jones is quite similar to Dinosaur. Guardians of the Galaxy used to be the Tower of Terror, but the ride system was pretty different from the WDW one, even when it was the ToT. Some rides are identical, but with a different queue or facade, like Soarin' or The Little Mermaid.
Anyway, I hope that helps. If you have any questions I am happy to lend my observations.
Man, now I feel like I need to get back out to Anaheim!