You didn't mention your airline(s) or connecting airport.
Normally, you'll get both boarding passes when you check in for your first flight. Normally, you will not have to pass through security at your connecting airport because you'll typically arrive and depart from within the same secure area.
The main thing you should do if your flight isn't until next year is to watch for changes in your flight times especially to make sure that your connecting time remains sufficient. If the connecting time becomes too short (typically less than 40 minutes), you can ask the airline to reschedule you on different flights (possibly even on a nonstop). Personally, I'm uncomfortable with connections of less than one hour because flight delays are way too common.
There's no may to eliminate the chance that your first leg will arrive in your connecting city after it's too late to get to your second leg. However, you can reduce the risk if there's a margin for delay in your connecting time.