Hi
I went to Cairo about 18 months ago. Went there to compete in a sporting event, but did get to do a bit of sight-seeing too.
My tips:
- you will need an egyption visa to enter the country. We got ours from the embassy in London.
- book a GOOD hotel (big Western brands are good - Le Meridien, Hyatt, Sheraton etc.). Having good security, well prepared food and safe water are very important.
- arrange for the hotel to send someone to meet you at the airport, escort you through immigration and take you to the hotel. We had someone do this: it made things a lot simpler, quicker and smoother (although I still managed to get propositioned by an immigration official...

).
- Be careful where you eat: eat at the hotel and places recommended by the hotel. The food can be spicier than you are used to and, more importantly, not always prepared to the same hygiene standards that you are used to... Your hotel will have (and be able to recommend) restuarants that specialise in local cuisine that WONT tie you to the bathroom for 3 days afterwards... It is worth taking a good supply of imodium "just in case".
- Shorts and and skimpy tops are ok within your hotel compound, but NOT a good idea outside (no matter how hot it is). Egypt is a strongly muslim country. Even in troussers and t-shirt, western women attract a LOT of attention (starring, shouting, car horn-blowing etc). In places of religious significance (i.e. the Mosque of Mohamed Ali) the need for covering up is even stronger and you must remove your shoes.
- I would also "dress down" on the jewellery side as well - it is a very poor country: so keep things plain looking (i.e. I didn't wear my diamond engagement ring, just my plain gold wedding ring).
- You should be able to arrange any tours through your hotel: they will arrange a trusted and good guide for you. We didn't have much time, so did the Egyptian Museum, the Mosque of Mohamed Ali (the prophet, not the boxer...), the pyramids and the sphynx in one day. The guide and his driver took as around these places, got us to the front of the queues, bought all of the tickets, gave us the guided tour etc. Remember to tip them generously.
- Would HIGHLY recommend visiting the Eqyptian Museum (
http://www.egyptianmuseum.gov.eg/) - the most amazing things that I have EVER seen. You need a few hours there and go early (the earlier the better!) - it gets INCREDIBLY busy with coach loads of tourists.
- If you want to do the pyramids properly, then you need to go there early too. The pyramids have a quota for the number of people that they will allow to go inside (I believe that you pay extra for this) - it is about 200 a day, I believe. So, if you want that experience, you are probably looking at being there at about 9am (check with the hotel)...
Have known people who have done a Nile Cruise and thoroughly enjoyed it - that may be something that you would like to incorporate into your trip (especially if it is a "once in a lifetime" thing). You could look at organised tours that include a cruise and several other places outside Cairo.
You REALLY don't want to be there in high summer - it gets ridiculously hot and (mentioned above) women have to cover up. We went in mid-March and it was even beginning to get hot then... (80s/90s). You would need to check with the appropriate travel guides, but I would say winter or early spring were good times to go (before April).
That's all that I can think of at the moment... Hope that my comments give you some practical help
Boo