TIKI: "Under New Mngmt" courtesy of Gilbert Godfried at MK vs. traditional at DL
JUNGLE CRUISE: virtually the same if not actually the same
INDY: no Indy ride at MK, only an Indy Stunt show at DHS
POC: que lines are different, ride is different
HM: que lines are different, ride is extremely similar
SPLASH: virtually the same if not actually the same
POOH: different
BIG THUNDER: virtually the same if not actually the same
BUZZ: slight differences between the two
STITCH: thankfully, does not exist at DL
STAR TOURS: located at DHS, soon to be updated to next gen
MONSTERS INC: an interactive comedy show at MK, a ride at Cali Adventure
ASTRO ORBITERS: same ride but located on elevated platform at MK
TOMORROWLAND TRANSIT: operational at MK, not operational at DL
CAPTAIN EO: currently showing at DL, soon to be showing at EPCOT
SPACE MOUNTAIN: different, recently updated
AUTOPIA is at DL, TOMORROWLAND SPEEDWAY at MK
NEMO SUB: only at DL
MATTERHORN: only at DL
COUNTRY BEAR JAMBOREE: at MK
HALL OF PRESIDENTS: different from LINCOLN at DL.
FANTASYLAND: major expansion happening at MK. Mickey's Philharmagic is at MK but not DL
TOONTOWN: Roger Rabbit at DL only, roller coasters are different. Toontown overall is different between locations
SMALLWORLD: different exterior theming. attraction is different but won't seem that way.
CASTLES: You can dine (need reservations) at Cinderellas Castle in MK. Cinderella's castle is much more grand and majestic.
That is the major differences between
Disneyland and Magic Kingdom. However there are some DL and CA attractions that are located at Epcot and DHS.
At EPCOT: LIVING SEAS, ELLEN's UNVERSE OF ENERGY, TEST TRACK, MISSION SPACE are not at DL/CA
At DIS HOLLYWOOD STUDIOS: Rock n Roller Coaster is similar but different than CA Screamin'. Tower of Terror is slightly different, Fantasmic is at DHS, Beauty and the Beast is at DHS, Indy Stunt Show, great Movie Ride, Lights Motors Action, BAcklot Tour, Muppets is the same, Sounds Dangerous (horrible), American Idol Experience, Prince Caspian thing, Toy Story Mania has different que lines but same attraction, Star Tours the same but to be updated to next gen.
Animal Kingdom: all different from DL or CA. Dinosaur is similar platform as Indy Jones ride but totally different experience.
Blizzard Beach and Typhoon Lagoon: Only at WDW, totally awesome
Boardwalk: worth spending an evening there to enjoy the street performers, etc...
Downtown Disney: much different and better in FL in my opinion. see LaNouba if you can, it is amazing but pricey.
Also, there are a whole lot more table service restaurants among the parks at WDW compared to DL and CA. Make reservations.