I think it depends on what type of vertigo you have. If you have BPPV, then you have to be careful even with the patch or Dramamine. They will mask your symptoms, but once the medication wears off, you will still have to deal with the vertigo until your crystals are repositioned, which is not worth it. As a BPPV sufferer, I know that my crystals can be easily dislodged, so I cannot ride anything with bumps or big drops. My last major bout was brought on by riding Tower of Terror.
I also have major motion sickness, which I think is a consequence of recurring vertigo. I have never been to Universal, so I can't speak to rides there. At Disney, there isn't much that I can do at HS other than the shows. Even the motion of going from one scene to the next on Toy Story Mania makes me sick. At AK, I can't do FOP, Safari because of the bumpiness of the vehicles, or EE. At Epcot, I don't do TT or Frozen (going backwards makes me sick), and at MK I can't do any of the mountains. I still have a wonderful time at Disney, though, and don't let my vertigo stop me from going. I've just found that the weeks and months of being sick afterwards is not worth riding the rides while I'm there.