The POR, POFQ and the CSR do not have the option of booking a preferred building. You can book a waterview room but this may not get your closer to the main building.
Of the moderates, the only resort is the CBR and those buildings are: Martinique it will be buildings 24, 25, 26. In Trinidad North it will be 31,32,33, these buildings are closer to Old Port Royale where the food court, Shutters and the gift shop are located.
There is an extra charge of $15 per night
The value resorts all have preferred building locations, I think the extra cost is $10 per night. In the Allstar Music the preferred buildings the 2 Calypso buildings.
In the Allstar Movies the buildings are Toy Story, Fantasia and 101 Dalmations.
In the Allstar Sports I believe the buildings are the 2 Surfs Up buildings
The POP Century has a couple of building locations, but I am not sure which one,