In my opinion, you can enjoy any ride wihtout having seen the movie. In some cases it's the rides that made me want to see the movies! Still, here's a list of the movies the rides are based on (or vice versa in a few cases):
Disneyland:
Jungle Cruise - Jungle Cruise - new movie and not particularly tied to the ride
Indiana Jones and the Temple of the Forbidden Eye - Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, The Last Crusade, Kingdom of the Crystal Skull - This is self-explanatory
Pirates of the Caribbean - Curse of the Black Pearl, Dead Man's Chest, At World's End, On Stranger Tides, Dead Men Tell No Tales - Movies based on the ride, ride now has Jack Sparrow
Haunted Mansion - Haunted Mansion - Movie based on the ride, not particularly relevant but has a lot of characters from the ride
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh - Movie of the same name and other animation - self-explanatory
Davy Crockett's Explorer Canoes - Davy Crockett films from the Disneyland TV show - this ride doesn't ahve much story to it, but that's what it's based on
Milennium Falcon: Smuggler's Run - Star Wars: The Clone Wars animated series - the main characters are featured in this show, though the sequel trilogy is relevant too
Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance - The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi, Rise of Skywalker - this is the sequel trilogy and is pretty relevant to this ride
Snow White's Enchanted Wish - Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
Pinocchio's Daring Journey - Pinocchio
Peter Pan's Flight - Peter Pan
Casey Jr. Circus Train/Dumbo the Flying Elephant - Dumbo
Mister Toad's Wild Ride - The Adventures of Ichabod & Mister Toad, specificaally The Wind in the Willows portion
Mad Tea Party/Alice's Adventrues in Wonderland - Alice in Wonderland
Sleeping Beauty Castle - Sleeping Beauty
Storybook Land Canal Boats - Various Disney animated films, including Pinocchio, Aladdin, Snow, White, Cinderella, The Little Mermade, Frozen
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin - Who Framed Roger Rabbit (I believe all of Toontown is under refurb at this moment and this is closed)
Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage - Ginding Nemo/Dory
Star Tours: The Adventures Continue - Star WArs, may include scenes from all 9 movies in the saga though it leans toward th Sequel Trilogy these days I think.
California Adventure:
Mike & Sulley to the Rescue! - Monsters Inc. - ride retells the story
Guardians of the Galaxy: Mission Breakout - Guardians of the Galaxy - Volume 2 is not crucial, but the first one is pretty relevant
Web Slingers - Spaider-Man Homecoming, Far From Home, No Way Home - particularly the first one as Avengers Campus is based on the Marvel Cinematic universe but not strictly canon
Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters/Mater's Junkyard Jamboree, Radiator Springs Racers - Cars, 2, 3 - the entire land is a recreation of Radiator Springs as seen in the movies, particulalry the first one.
Incredicoaster - The Incredibles, 2 - particularly the second one actually as the boarding area is designed like their new house in the second movie
Toy Story Midway Mania/Jessie's Critter Carousel - Toy Story, 2, 3, 4 - All characters from Toy Story
Emotional Whirlwind - Inside Out
Goofy's Sky School - Various old Goofy cartoons
Silly Symphony Swings - Silly Symphony shorts - features various music from such
Ariel's undersea Adventure - The Littl eMermaid - retells the story from the movie
I think this is a fairly comprehensive list, even if some are quite obvious. But you know, in case anyone cares.
