The urine test is basically screeening for protein in the urine, white and red blood cells, ketones (normal in a ketogenic diet like Atkins), sugar (which should never be there) and they will do a urine culture if you have signs and symptoms of an infection. Of course there are some tests done on urine that are very specific and often require a 24 hour or 1 week collection, such as those for Cushings Syndrome, etc. but those are not ordered routinely unless there is a question of the disease.