The parks and hotels are quite nearby eachother. From the enterance from park A to park B is a few minutes by foot. Disney Village (where you can shop, dine, etc.) is just as close.
Fastpasses for attractions are available during the day. The attractions that have Fastpasses say so on the free park map, available at the enterance of the parks. It works pretty much the same as in other resorts. You can get one using your enterance tickets or anual passes nearby the actual attraction. It will say what time you can come back to join the short Fastpass-line. You can get one at a time per ticket. When your time slot comes up, you can get the next Fastpass. Unless it's more than 2 hours away, in that case you can get a new Fastpass after those 2 hours. All the popular attractions have Fastpasses really, so you should check for yourself which ones you want to do.
To make it easy: I would say one third of your time should be spend in the Walt Disney Studios, the other two third in
Disneyland Park. Disneyland Park really is the main park with most shows etc. There will be meet and greets in both parks. Exact times are stated on the park program, available at the enterance of both parks for free. We can't really tell who you can meet at that time. Only "Meet Mickey" in Fantasyland in Disneyland Park is every day, year round. And the Princess Pavilion is open most of the year, so I think that will be open then too.
In Disneyland Park, you can see Disney Magic On Parade (daily, most of the time somewhere between 4.30 and 6 PM, time and route stated on program/park map) and Disney Dreams! (daily, at closing time of the park by the castle). For other entertainment you should really check the program by the time your trip is nearly there, because it isn't released yet.
On this page you can check info about restaurants and their locations, general opening hours, menu's and pricing:
http://www.dlpguide.com/planning/dining/restaurant-menus/
For some Table Service restaurants you should make reservations. If you choose Auberge the Cendrillion, Café Mickey, Inventions, Bistro Chez Remy, Walts, Silver Spur, Blue Lagoon, I would recommend this. You can do this by phone 60 days prior to arriving by phone or during your stay at your hotel concierge or at City Hall in Disneyland Park. For other restaurants, just show up.
Good luck! If you have any more questions, just ask.
