Wow are you in for a shock - the quality of modern cameras is incredible compared to what you're used to with your old cameras. While your phone is good, newer cameras will take clean, sharp pictures in a fraction of the light level that the old ones did, have zoom lenses that are even more compact than ever with new lens grinding techniques, and much longer battery life. Compared to even a state of the art phone, there's no comparison: a real camera just takes better pictures.
Also, although there are lifeproof cases, you won't actually be able to take pictures with a wet phone unless you have a select few Windows Phone models for which they don't make lifeproof cases. The touchscreens don't work when wet.
The Nikon AW130 sounds like a pretty good fit. It has real buttons, and can be used by shaking the camera (gestures) as well, and with Wi-Fi to connect to your phone it's just as convenient as using your phone for pictures - without draining your phone's battery.